Furthermore, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can occur in both men and women, and symptoms may manifest differently depending on the gender. Common symptoms of STDs in men include increased penile discharge and dysuria (painful urination). For women, typical STD symptoms include changes in vaginal discharge, itching, and an unpleasant odor. However, some STDs may not present any symptoms at all, leading to them being left untreated.
The types of STD tests are also diverse. For STD tests conducted via blood, various sexually transmitted infections such as AIDS (HIV), Syphilis, and Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can be diagnosed. Thanks to recent advancements in blood test technology, results for Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 can be confirmed within a short period.
It is particularly important to adhere to the correct timing for STD testing after a suspicious sexual encounter to obtain accurate results. Generally, HIV testing can be performed at least 10 days after the suspected date of infection. In contrast, accurate results for syphilis typically appear 4 weeks after exposure. For urethritis, an accurate diagnosis can be made within 1 to 2 days after intercourse using a Multi-PCR gene test.
The cost of STD testing varies depending on the type of test. When covered by domestic health insurance, basic tests (12-panel STD PCR and STI serological tests) are available at a reasonable cost. For Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a separate testing fee may be added. Although some patients hesitate to get tested due to cost, missing the golden hour for STD treatment can lead to more significant problems. Therefore, if you have had a suspicious sexual encounter, it is recommended to get tested.
Sexually transmitted bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea) and Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) may not show any symptoms. The problem is that if left untreated unknowingly, these can lead to infertility, chronic inflammation, and other complications. Therefore, proactive testing and prompt treatment are necessary.
Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum, among others, are sometimes considered commensal bacteria. These bacteria are commonly found, and if there are no particular symptoms, treatment is not always necessary. If you receive test results but have no symptoms and are concerned about whether treatment is necessary or worried about re-infecting your partner, it is advisable to consult thoroughly with medical professionals before deciding on antibiotic treatment. After treatment, it is recommended to undergo re-testing to confirm complete recovery.
Dr. Lee Chang-ki, director of Goldman Urology Clinic Incheon branch, stated, "Anyone may need an STD test, and above all, it's important to remember that getting tested is nothing to be ashamed of or embarrassed about." He added, "The sooner STD treatment begins, the better, and it is crucial to have accurate information and seek help from a urology specialist."