Condyloma, also known as genital warts, is a viral disease caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). It can occur in areas involved in sexual contact, including the genitals, anus, and even the mouth. The lesions may appear in various forms such as cauliflower-like growths, flat warts, or blister-like structures. In many cases, the condition begins with small lesions that gradually spread to surrounding tissue. One of the most challenging aspects for patients is the high recurrence rate and the long treatment period required to achieve complete recovery.
Although condyloma can often be identified through visual examination, precise diagnosis usually requires a Multi-PCR test to determine the exact HPV type. Low-risk HPV types 6 and 11 are the most common causes of condyloma, while high-risk types such as HPV 16, 18, and 31 are associated with cancer development. Therefore, if the lesion does not have a typical appearance, a biopsy may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis. In severe cases, endoscopic examinations may also be necessary to check whether the lesions have spread inside the urethra or anus.
Treatment for condyloma varies depending on the size and location of the lesions and the patient’s overall condition. The most commonly used treatments include CO₂ laser therapy and electrocauterization. These methods can remove lesions in a single procedure and offer the advantage of minimal bleeding with immediate results.
The primary reason condyloma tends to recur is that the HPV virus can remain dormant within the body even after visible lesions have been removed. Although treatment eliminates the lesions, the virus itself may persist in the body and can reactivate when the immune system becomes weakened. The larger the lesions and the greater their number, the higher the likelihood that the virus may have spread to nearby tissues.
For this reason, effective management of condyloma involves not only removing visible lesions but also preventing viral reactivation. Even if symptoms improve after treatment begins, patients should not stop treatment on their own. Regular follow-up visits for at least six months are recommended to monitor for recurrence and ensure proper management.
The time required for complete recovery varies depending on an individual’s immune system and the severity of the lesions, but it generally takes about one and a half to two years. With consistent treatment and monitoring during this period, there is a high possibility that the HPV virus will eventually clear naturally.
Dr. Kim Tae-heon of Goldman Urology Clinic’s Seoul Station branch emphasized that maintaining a strong immune system is essential for both treatment and prevention of recurrence. Adequate sleep, a balanced diet, and regular exercise can all help strengthen the immune system. He noted that although recurrent condyloma can be difficult to treat, patients can overcome the condition with consistent care and by trusting and following the guidance of their urology specialists.